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THE LINK AT THE BOTTOM WILL PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF DISASTER SERVICES
NOTE: The initial response to disaster is ACUTE STRESS DISORDER, not PTSD.
PTSD s not diagnosed until AT LEAST 30 days after the traumatic event. About half of fire victim will develop PTSD.
Tne intervention for Acute Stress Disorder is to normalize the situation (Acute Stress Disorder is a NORMAL response to and ABNORMAL SITUATION
Triage should begin with basic needs (see summary Maslow's Needs Hierarchy below) and include a suicide risk assessment with immediate referrals for acute suicide risk and obvious psychosis.
Fire victims may also have suffered loss of family, friends, pets, homes, vehicles and lifestyle. Education about stages of grief and loss may also be helpful (see summary below)>
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Summary Maslow's hierarchy of needs (AI generated):
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that human behavior is motivated by five categories of needs:
Physiological needs: The most basic needs for physical survival, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep. Maslow considered these the most important needs, and that they must be met before other needs can be addressed.
Safety needs: The second level of Maslow's hierarchy.
Love and belonging needs: The need for interpersonal relationships, such as friendship, intimacy, and trust. This need is especially strong in childhood.
Esteem needs: The need for self-esteem, self-confidence, and respect. Esteem needs include feeling valued by others and that your contributions are important.
Self-actualization needs: The fifth and final level of Maslow's hierarchy.
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Stages of Grief and Loss (AI generated)
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's Five Stages of Grief model proposes that individuals experience a series of emotional stages when coping with loss or terminal illness:
1. Denial
- Initial reaction to the loss
- Feeling numb, disbelieving, or detached
- Protects the individual from the intensity of the emotions
2. Anger
- Emerges as the reality of the loss sets in
- Feeling resentful, frustrated, or bitter
- May be directed at oneself, others, or the situation
3. Bargaining
- Attempt to regain control of the situation
- May involve making deals or pleading with a higher power
- Hope to undo the loss or change the outcome
4. Depression
- Feeling overwhelmed by the loss
- Emotions become more intense and painful
- May experience sadness, hopelessness, or despair
5. Acceptance
- Begins to come to terms with the loss
- Feeling more calm and resigned
- Starts to rebuild and find ways to move forward
It's essential to note that:
- Not everyone experiences all five stages.
- The stages may not occur in a linear or sequential order.
- Individuals may oscillate between stages or revisit previous stages.
- The model was initially developed for individuals facing terminal illness, but it has been applied to other forms of loss, such as bereavement or divorce.
References:
Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. Macmillan.
Kübler-Ross, E., & Kessler, D. (2005). On grief and grieving: Finding the meaning of grief through the five stages of loss. Scribner.
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Use link below for an overview of disaster services:
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